Foto: Pengamat Bisnis Pertambangan Hanif Sutisna (Istimewa)
Jakarta, Media Indonesia Raya –Asosiasi Penambang Nikel Indonesia (APNI) telah diminta oleh Kementerian ESDM untuk memberikan data biaya produksi bijih nikel.
Menurut data yang terkumpul dari sekitar 30 perusahaan, diperoleh angka rata-rata HPP (Harga Pokok Produksi) bijih nikel sebesar 20,34 dolar AS per mt (metrik ton).
Sementara itu, harga bijih nikel kadar 1,8 persen Free on Board (FoB) Filipina saat ini dihargai antara 59-61 dolar AS per wet metric ton (wmt), sehingga jika pemerintah mengajukan harga jual bijih nikel domestik kadar 1,8 persen FoB sebesar 38-40 dolar AS per wmt merupakan harga yang wajar.
Menurut pengamat bisnis pertambangan, Hanifa Sutrisna patokan harga $30/WMT untuk kadar 1,8% tidak sepadan dengan harga bijih nikel dunia untuk kadar 1.7% yang saat ini bisa mencapai $45-50/WMT, sehingga ada potensial kerugian dipihak penambang dan sudah barang tentu akan mengurangi pajak yang diterima oleh pemerintah.
“Belum lagi nilai tambah yang selama ini disampaikan Kemenko Maritim dengan menjual ke smelter dalam negeri tidak bisa dijabarkan secara nyata, karena sebagian aktivitas smelter masih mendapatkan keringanan pajak (Tax Holiday) atas investasi yang ditanamkan,” jelasnya, kepada awak Media Indonesia Raya di Jakarta, Selasa,(3/3/2020).
“Saya juga melihat adanya inkonsistensi dari Kementerian ESDM, terutama dalam penetapan harga patokan mineral (HPM). Kementerian ESDM telah membuat aturan terkait HPM melalui Permen No 25 Tahun 2018, bahwa penetapan HPM merupakan wewenang Menteri ESDM dan wajib menjadi harga acuan penjualan mineral dalam negeri. Namun, dalam praktiknya tidak demikian, malah terkesan melakukan pembiaran kepada smelter-smelter untuk menetapkan harga beli bijih nikel sesuka hatinya,” imbuh Hanif menambahkan.
Belum lagi pelanggaran terhadap surveyor yang digunakan dalam menilai kadar bijih nikel yang dijual ke smelter milik asing di dalam negeri, juga tidak sesuai aturan yang dibuat Kementerian ESDM.
Pada 27 Februari 2020, Kementerian ESDM mengeluarkan HPM dengan dua penilaian Moisture Content (MC), yaitu Dry Metric Ton (DMT) dan Wet Metric Ton (WMT). Sedangkan importir dari luar negeri hanya menerapkan WMT dengan kadar MC <38% untuk bijih nikel kadar <1,69% Ni untuk harga FOB Tongkang $45-49/WMT.
“Kondisi ini sangat merugikan para penambang yang berharap mendapatkan keuntungan dalam mengelola tambang bijih nikel, yang dianggap sebagai mineral paling dicari di dunia karena keterbatasan cadangannya di dunia. Berdasarkan Pasal 33 Ayat 3 UUD 1945, sudah semestinya rakyat Indonesia mendapat kesejahteraan dan menikmati hasil bumi melebihi dari yang diterima saat ini,” pungkasnya.
Dasar Hukum Harga Patokan Mineral (HPM) Logam
1. Undang Undang No 4 Tahun 2009 tentang Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara
Pasal 132:
1) Besaran tarif iuran produksi ditetapkan berdasarkan tingkat pengusahaan, produksi, dan harga komoditas tambang.
2) Besaran tarif iuran produksi ditetapkan berdasarkan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan
2. Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 23 Tahun 2010 tentang Pelaksanaan Kegiatan Usaha Pertambangan
Mineral dan Batubara :
Pasal 85 :
1) Pemegang IUP Operasi Produksi mineral dan batubara yang menjual mineral dan/atau batubara yang diproduksi wajib berpedoman pada harga patokan;
2) Harga patokan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) ditetapkan oleh:
a. Menteri untuk mineral logam dan batubara;
b. Gubernur atau bupati/walikota sesuai dengan kewenangannya untuk mineral bukan logam dan batuan.
3) Harga patokan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) ditentukan berdasarkan mekanisme pasar dan/atau sesuai dengan harga yang berlaku umum di pasar internasional.
4) Ketentuan lebih lanjut mengenai tata cara penetapan harga patokan mineral logam dan batubara diatur dengan Peraturan Menteri.
Alur Pembentukan Harga Patokan Mineral (HPM)
(Permen ESDM No. 7 Tahun 2017)
Contoh Perhitungan Harga
HMA Nikel Januari 2020: USD 13,875.68/ton.
Permasalahan Dan Aksi Solusi
1. Belum diterapkannya HPM pada seluruh kegiatan penjualan
2. Penerapan sanksi bagi pelanggaran HPM belum efektif, karena:
a. Terjadi multitafsir terhadap istilah
“berpedoman”
b. Tidak adanya pengawasan di daerah, baik instrumen pengawasan maupun SDM untuk mengawasi
3. Periode kutipan HPM lebih rendah dengan periode transaksi.
Permasalahan Aksi Solusi
1. Mempertegas HPM sebagai acuan harga penjualan dengan mengubah
Permen ESDM No. 7 Tahun 2017 untuk mempertegas bahwa yang
dimaksud dengan “berpedoman” adalah menjadi floor price dalam
transaksi di dalam negeri
2. Mempertegas kembali sanksi bagi pelanggaran HPM pada Perubahan
Permen 7/2017 dan menggunakan sistem tata niaga yang mencegah
transaksi yang dilakukan di bawah HPM, yaitu dengan menerbitkan Surat Edaran Dirjen Minerba kepada Surveyor untuk tidak mengeluarkan
Laporan Hasil Verifikasi (LHV) bagi transaksi yang berada di bawah HPM
3. Mengubah Permen ESDM No. 7 Tahun 2017 untuk mengakomodir Floor Price HPM guna mengantisipasi periode kutipan HPM yang lebih rendah
daripada periode transaksi (dengan tolerasi <3%)
4. Harus ada mekanisme penerapan sanksi yang sama antara penjual dan
pembeli (didiskusikan dengan perindustrian / IUI)
5. Penjualan wajib menggunakan surveyor yang ditunjuk oleh Pemerintah. Jika terjadi dispute, agar menunjuk surveyor yang ditetapkan oleh Pemerintah
sebagai umpire.
Usulan Formulasi HPM Bijih Nikel (Pihak Smelter)
Kemenko Maritim dan Investasi telah melaksanakan rapat koordinasi penentuan harga bijih nikel domestik pada tanggal 11 Februari 2020 dengan pembangun fasilitas pemurnian nikel.
Dari hasil rapat tersebut, terdapat usulan sebagai berikut:
1 HPMbijih nikel = 0.9 x HMA x CF1 x CF2 x CF3 x Kadar Ni x (1-Moisture Content)
CF1 = corrective factor atas kadar Nikel:
CF2 = corrective factor untuk kadar Fe
CF3 = corrective factor untuk rasio Si/Mg
Bagaimana pendapat
pelaku usaha?.(Bar)
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Understanding COSC Validation and Its Importance in Horology
COSC Certification and its Demanding Standards
Controle Officiel Suisse des Chronometres, or the Controle Officiel Suisse des Chronometres, is the authorized Switzerland testing agency that verifies the precision and accuracy of wristwatches. COSC certification is a symbol of superior craftsmanship and dependability in chronometry. Not all timepiece brands follow COSC validation, such as Hublot, which instead sticks to its own stringent standards with movements like the UNICO calibre, attaining comparable precision.
The Science of Precision Chronometry
The core mechanism of a mechanized watch involves the spring, which supplies power as it loosens. This system, however, can be prone to environmental elements that may impact its accuracy. COSC-certified mechanisms undergo demanding testing—over 15 days in various circumstances (5 positions, three temperatures)—to ensure their resilience and dependability. The tests measure:
Mean daily rate precision between -4 and +6 seconds.
Mean variation, highest variation rates, and effects of temperature variations.
Why COSC Accreditation Matters
For watch aficionados and collectors, a COSC-validated watch isn’t just a piece of tech but a testament to enduring excellence and accuracy. It signifies a watch that:
Presents outstanding reliability and precision.
Ensures assurance of quality across the entire construction of the timepiece.
Is likely to hold its value more efficiently, making it a smart investment.
Popular Timepiece Brands
Several famous manufacturers prioritize COSC accreditation for their watches, including Rolex, Omega, Breitling, and Longines, among others. Longines, for instance, provides collections like the Archive and Soul, which showcase COSC-certified movements equipped with cutting-edge materials like silicon balance suspensions to improve resilience and performance.
Historic Context and the Development of Chronometers
The notion of the timepiece originates back to the need for exact chronometry for navigational at sea, emphasized by John Harrison’s work in the eighteenth century. Since the formal establishment of Controle Officiel Suisse des Chronometres in 1973, the accreditation has become a yardstick for assessing the accuracy of high-end timepieces, sustaining a legacy of superiority in watchmaking.
Conclusion
Owning a COSC-accredited timepiece is more than an visual choice; it’s a commitment to quality and accuracy. For those valuing accuracy above all, the COSC accreditation offers tranquility of thoughts, ensuring that each accredited timepiece will operate dependably under various conditions. Whether for individual contentment or as an investment, COSC-accredited timepieces distinguish themselves in the world of watchmaking, carrying on a tradition of precise chronometry.
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